Light emitting diode
LEDs are produced in a variety of shapes and sizes. The color of the plastic lens is often the same as the actual color of light emitted, but not always. For instance, purple plastic is often used for infrared LEDs, and most blue devices have clear housings. Modern high power LEDs such as those used for lighting and backlighting are generally found in surface-mount technology (SMT) packages, (not shown).
Color |
Semiconductor
material
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610 < λ < 760
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1.63 < ΔV < 2.03
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Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) |
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590 < λ < 610
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2.03 < ΔV < 2.10
|
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) |
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570 < λ < 590
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2.10 < ΔV < 2.18
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Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) |
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500 < λ < 570
|
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) / Gallium(III) nitride (GaN)
Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Aluminium gallium phosphide (AlGaP) |
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450 < λ < 500
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2.48 < ΔV < 3.7
|
Zinc selenide (ZnSe)
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) Silicon carbide (SiC) as substrate Silicon (Si) as substrate — under development |
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400 < λ < 450
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2.76 < ΔV < 4.0
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multiple types
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2.48 < ΔV < 3.7
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Dual blue/red LEDs,
blue with red phosphor, or white with purple plastic |
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λ < 400
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3.1 < ΔV < 4.4
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Diamond (235 nm)[57]
Boron nitride (215 nm)[58][59] Aluminium nitride (AlN) (210 nm)[60] Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) Aluminium gallium indium nitride (AlGaInN) — down to 210 nm[61] |
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multiple types
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Blue with one or two phosphor layers:
yellow with red, orange or pink phosphor added afterwards, or white with pink pigment or dye.[63] |
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White
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Broad spectrum
|
ΔV = 3.5
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Blue/UV diode with yellow phosphor
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