In the market there are various types of light emitting diode (LED) like from small to big (LED) and the capacity that each LED also differences.

Light emitting diode

LEDs are produced in a variety of shapes and sizes. The color of the plastic lens is often the same as the actual color of light emitted, but not always. For instance, purple plastic is often used for infrared LEDs, and most blue devices have clear housings. Modern high power LEDs such as those used for lighting and backlighting are generally found in surface-mount technology (SMT) packages, (not shown).

 

	Color	Wavelength [nm]	Voltage drop [ΔV]	Semiconductor material
	Infrared	λ > 760	ΔV < 1.63	Gallium arsenide (GaAs) Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)
	Red	610 < λ < 760	1.63 < ΔV < 2.03	Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)
	Orange	590 < λ < 610	2.03 < ΔV < 2.10	Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)
	Yellow	570 < λ < 590	2.10 < ΔV < 2.18	Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)
	Green	500 < λ < 570	1.9[56] < ΔV < 4.0	Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) / Gallium(III) nitride (GaN) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Aluminium gallium phosphide (AlGaP)
	Blue	450 < λ < 500	2.48 < ΔV < 3.7	Zinc selenide (ZnSe) Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) Silicon carbide (SiC) as substrate Silicon (Si) as substrate — under development
	Violet	400 < λ < 450	2.76 < ΔV < 4.0	Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)
	Purple	multiple types	2.48 < ΔV < 3.7	Dual blue/red LEDs, blue with red phosphor, or white with purple plastic
	Ultraviolet	λ < 400	3.1 < ΔV < 4.4	Diamond (235 nm)[57] Boron nitride (215 nm)[58][59] Aluminium nitride (AlN) (210 nm)[60] Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) Aluminium gallium indium nitride (AlGaInN) — down to 210 nm[61]
	Pink	multiple types	ΔV ~ 3.3[62]	Blue with one or two phosphor layers: yellow with red, orange or pink phosphor added afterwards, or white with pink pigment or dye.[63]
	White	Broad spectrum	ΔV = 3.5	Blue/UV diode with yellow phosphor

Presentation FYP 1... Assessor Sir Mohd Azlan Abu and Dr. Hafiz

Briefing for the third times and this is the final meeting. This meeting to told students what need be include in power point, the sequence of the slide and student's condition that will encounter with assessors. Discuss with adviser what should put in power point or slide show.

For brightness of LED a smaller LED is use because it more brightness from the big LED. Different designs have been created that incorporate various types of LEDs into a light fixture. The current trend is to use high power 1 watt LEDs, but some companies use low power LEDs in their products, including several low power LEDs packed together to perform the same purpose as a single high power LED. The shape of the LED street light depends on several factors, including LED configuration, the heat sink used with the LEDs, and aesthetic design preference. Heat sinks for LED street lights are similar in design to heat sinks used to cool other electronics such as computers. Heat sinks tend to have as many grooves as possible to facilitate the flow of hot air away from the LEDs. The area of heat exchange will directly affect the lifespan of the LED street light.

LED street light beam pattern

Before this the sensor that had been decide to use for this project is digital infrared sensor. As known this project need    had a prototype and this sensor been selected because the specification of this sensor is suitable with the prototypes that need to do. Below is the specification of this sensor:

Specification:

Diffuse reflective type
Light source: Infrared
Sensing range up to 30cm
Input voltage: 6-36VDC
NPN output
Dimension: 1.6cm (D) x 6.7cm (L)

Result from test:

5V can be use to power, maximum dectection distance is ~20cm
12V, maximum dectection distance is ~ 60cm
30V, maximum dectection distance is ~ 80cm
All above test is using Cytron's white box as obstacle, in our lab.

Briefing final year project 1 for the second times where in this briefing the committee brief about the presentation. The committee brief what should do and the contents should put in the slide show during presentation day.

Circuit had been construct and run the program to try either it get the same result as want for this project.

Try n error circuit

From what had been done the result that get when run the program, the result that showed is not as what that wanted and it maybe had problem at the programming. 

The suitable circuit cannot be found because there has no project had been done before this and what had found from internet are only research from university and any organization and companies. Here is one of the research that found where the title of the research is "Pedestrian aware Smart Street Lighting" from Reinhard Muller and Andreas Riener. The function of this project is this work presents the SSL system, a framework developed for a dynamic switching of street lamps based on pedestrian’s location and desired safety (or “fear”) zones. In the developed system prototype, each pedestrian is localized his/her smartphone, periodically sending location and configuration information to SSL server. For street lamp control, each and every lamp post is equipped with a ZigBee based radio device, receiving control information from the SSL server via multi-hop routing.

Information about project are searching again and the circuit that had been use for this project are searching. For the first the information about the project where the main components for this project is light emitting diode (LED) and from here the details about the LED need be searches for examples the brightness of LED, the lifespan and etc. For the second components are sensor and infrared sensor will used in this project and the function of sensor is to detect the vehicles. Information for circuits not much that can been search because there has no project about street lighting system had been done before this.

Infrared Sensor

After briefing, search more detail about the project for example refer to magazine, internet, books, and etc. The function of this project actually is about street lighting system and the advantages of this project is it can give the benefit to ecosystem. the disadvantage of this project is high cost to make it.    

The committee of final year project had a meeting with final year project students to brief about what actually the students should done in the their project for final year project degree semester1. The committee explain what the students should do for the first week such as find the title of the project and the adviser that can give an advice to students during the preparation of the project. Beside that, the committee also give an explanation in details, what should students include in their project for example the main circuit, programming and etc.